Monoflow by-pass insert



Jan. 26, 1960 F. KLUTE 2,922,441

MONOFLOW BY-PASS INSERT Filed NOV. 21, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR WWM ATTORNEYS Jan. 26, 1960 F. KLUTE 2,922,441

MONOFLOW BY-PASS INSERT Filed NOV. 21, 1958 :s Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Ferdinand K111i? ATTORNEYS Jan. 26, 1960 F. KLUTE 2,922,441

MONOFLOW BY-PASS INSERT Filed NOV. 21, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 1NV ENTOR Ferdinand Klale WWM ATTORNEYS United States MONOFLOW BY-PASS INSERT V Ferdinand Klute, Chicago, Ill. Application November 21, 1958, Serial No. 775,530

Claims. (Cl. 138-37) This invention relates to a by-pass or diversion fitting adapted to be inserted in the main line of a forced feed circulatory heating system. More particularly, the invention is directed to a fluid shunt diverter, or main line by-pass, which is utilized as an intercept in the passage of the supply line of such a system; the improvement comprising the invention is adapted to be inserted into the main line for feeding into the usual riser and also to be inserted in such supply line for accommodating the return flow in the return line or downcomer of the radiator element through which fluid is circulated for heating purposes.

The unit of the invention elfectuates eflicient detour of a portion of heating medium from the main line, its peculiar and novel design achieving substantially greater efiiciency than known devices of the prior art. Primarily, this is due to the effective pick-up and discharge of medium as well as the by-passing of the excess of such fluid without appreciable increase in pressure drop in the line, or at the very least, with considerably less pressure drop resulting than that encountered by the use of known or prior art devices.

Although units of similar import have been devised for the same purpose in the past and intended to achieve the results and functions which are exhibited by the concept of this invention, such have exhibited many practical disadvantages. As an example, previous and known devices may not only involve comparatively high manufacturing costs, but even more significantly, are relatively cumbersome to install (either in new systems or renovated heating systems). This naturally represents a commercial disadvantage which detracts from the practical worth thereof. As to the latter, such prior art devices are generally of the so-called screwed T type, and necessitate break-down of the entire'system in order to make possible the insertion of such a by-pass in the main line. In other words, where such fixed elements are inserted in a main line the propounded answer in previous cases has involved the relatively complicated procedure of breaking the main line in order to install a suitable T-joint or fitting therein, such necessarily involving rejoining and reassembling the entire, or substantial portion of, the main supply line. The difiiculties inherent in such a procedure, particularly with respect to renovated installa tions, should appear obvious. For example, in present day practice, the relatively large number of radiators in a given building are more generally than not fed by vertical risers and downcomers or return lines from a main line located at or below ground level. The latter may be parallel to the ground and usually traverses the circumference of the area above which such radiators are located. Oftentimes delicate questions of drain, vapor lock, and other relative problems of the main line are involved so that such supply line, once located, should not be appreciably disturbed from its original alignment and position. When an already established main line has to be broken for the insertion of such elements, it is apparent that unnecessary complications are involved in Patented Jan. 26, 1960 the installation, for it is practically impossible to make such insertions without disturbing the position of the main conduit, and as well, it is extremely difiicult to assure that all of such breaks and joints are properly located prior to connection with the respective risers and downcomers, and that all side lines to the main supply are likewise not interfered with.

Furthermore, even in new installations, it is much more difiicult to maintain the pattern of angularity or efiective and desired positioning of the main line when the latter must be interrupted, piece by piece, for the installation of such shunts or by-pass units.

Also, previous schemes aimed at the same functions as herein achieved, present further relatively formidable difiiculties. In many cases, and in order to achieve alleged greater efficiency, such units are complicated to the extreme; and the more complex, the greater ditficulty of insertion in the main line. Of even greater significance, the pressure drop factor, always of controlling significance, has not been properly accounted for. Typical prior art devices which result in an over-all excessive pressure drop in the main line, or in the entire system, result in overloading of the pump circuit. Additional equipment to obtain effective pump pressure and proper circulation is then necessary. Such increase in pressure drop is often the result of a device, i.e., an insert or bypass, which increases the over-all friction to a degree which is substantially greater than is permitted by the more properly designed unit of the instant invention. Hence, in all of these previous efforts, aimed at improvement of the type of unit here under consideration, the desired elficiency has not been reached and this has been so, despite designs of the prior art which are more complicated, more expensive to fabricate and yet even then, substantially more difiicult to install.

The instant invention, by reason of its unique and critical structural features, obviates these practical impediments and dilficulties which are inherently characteristic of previous designs. In contrast, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a by-pass, shunt, or diverter fitting which can be simply fabricated, if desired, in one piece, installed without interference of the plan of the main line, nor involve breaking of the same, and yet comprises a diversion unit which will achieve a significant increase in eificiency. Such is accomplished by structure effectively making use of all of the flow characteristics and venturi-effect possibilities which inherently result from fluid pressure in the main line of such a system.

An additional object of the invention is the provision of a device of the described type, so fabricated with a surmounting position-controlling flange, that upon insertion into the main line it will automatically seat itself in all three of the required directions without dependence upon the skill and accuracy of the operator making the installation. In other words, the unit is so fabricated as to necessarily occupy a position, with respect to the main line pipe, where firstly, it always intersects the center of the main line and hence, extends along a chord representing the diameter thereof, thus assuring that the areas on both sides of the insert will always be approximately equal to each other; secondly, such a controlling flange structure compels the unit to assume a center line position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the main I It is a further objective of the invention to} provide an insert of this type which will increase, by a substantial load in any given system.

Another object of the invention is to-provide a main line inse'rt for the feeding of a radiator system which can be used either as a pick-up for shunt water 'to a given riser, or alternatively, as a return linesuction insertion for the corresponding downcomer, in the latter position taking full advantage of-the venturior suction-like efiect resultant upon fluid flow through the main line. Hence, the same unit is designed'to perform both functions, depending on the direction it faces.

It -is a further objective of the invention herein described to produce a shunti-nsert which follows a common formula so that the critical features thereof can be incorporated in a main line of any predetermined diameter. Such critical features involve, inter alia, the over-all size of the inlet (or outlet of the unit as the case may be) in comparison to the over-all internal diameter of the main line under consideration.

And finally, it is a significant objective of the invention to design a diversion fitting having side Wall and accompanying flange formations which follow prescribed and definite limitations as to size and relative positioning in order to active the maximum fiow effect possible, both with respect to the riser as well as the return line side of a given radiator; here the inventive concept appreciates the significance of that precise structure which will obtain peak and maximum performance by the build-up ofspeedy swirls in the flow and by reduction of the normally present static pressure at the feed-in or riser side of the installation.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description thereof. Here reference is made to the several drawings explanatory of the preferred versions of the invention wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, perspective view of a complete heating installation of the hot water type where several inserts are indicated as being properly located upon the respective riser and return line-sides of a plurality of radiators;

Figure 2 illustrates, in cross-section, the two respective positions of the invention when it is alternatively inserted in the main line of this embodiment of the invention, i.e., the position for use as a feed-in by-pass to the riser and the position in the main line when interconnected to the complementary return or downcomer line from the radiator;

Figure 3 is a section View taken on the line 33 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section view taken on the line 44 of Figure 2. and additionally illustrates the swirling of the current in the main line and pattern of flow thereof which will attain the maximum venturi, suction effect;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of theinvention illustrating the manner in which the main line is provided with an opening to accommodate the unit and the manner in which the unit is conveniently and accurately inserted therein;

Figure 6 is a section view, similar to that of Figure 2, but illustrating a different embodiment of the invention, as positioned in the main line;

Figure 7 is a section view taken on the line 7-7 of Figure 6, also illustrating this additional embodiment of the invention as positioned in the return line or downcomer and diagrammatically indicating the venturi effect of the current in the main line; and

Figure 8 is a section view similar to Figure 4, but diagrammatically illustrating the direction of 'flow when the unit is installed: to feed the riser. 7

Referring more particularly to Figure 1 of the drawings, it is seen that the main supply or feed line, here indi cated at 5 (and for illustrative purposes only), is shown as lying in an approximately lateral plane. The system here depicted (although the invention need not be confined thereto) is a hot water system utilizing the usual furnace 3 which feeds the medium heated thereby through the juncture 10 into the main line 5 and in the direction indicated by the arrows appearing in this figure. After circulating throughthe main feed circuit and of course through the several radiators, return flow is directed by the shunt 11 downwardly'to a pump 12 driven by a suitable motor M. The medium is then forced back into the furnace by the pump outlet line 13. Heating medium is thus continuously recycled-in this circulatory path, the insert of the instant improvement being located in the path of flow of such medium as to force fluid upward to the radiator and forcibly draw return fluid downward therefrom back into the main line.

In Figure 1 the unit comprising my invention is generally indicated at 15 and positioned in the main line in interconnection with both risers and downcomers to the several radiators, the only difference between such units at each end of each individual radiator circuit comprising the relative positioning of one unit with respect tothe other. In other words, the units, although identical in structure, are positioned at to each other or exactly in opposite directions, in each radiator circuit.

Each of the several inserts 15 are secured by the usual type of threaded collars or pipe rings 19 and accompany ing nut element 20, thus securing each flow insert to the respective riser 21 on the one hand and the downcomer or return line 22 on the other, each being in reverse position with respect to each other, as indicated above, and as further shown in Figure 1. These two respective feeding lines are of course suitably interconnected to the usual type of hot water radiator 25, also but rather diagrammatically indicated in this figure.

Proceeding to a more detailed description of the insert itself, reference first is made to Figures 2 to 5, inclusive, which illustrates one preferred form thereof. Each insert 15 has an upper interconnecting portion 30 provided with suitable threads 31 for interconnection to the complementary riser or downcomer by the elements 19 and 20, as just described above. This tubular or upper por tion 30 of the insert is formed with a skirt or flange 32, taking the configuration as generally shown in Figure'S. The flange 32, on its under side, is of a concave shape so as to precisely fit the size of piping for which that particular unit has been designed. In the instant case, the de scription of the invention has generally been made with respect to a main line of three-inch internal diameter, that being the typical standard in more general usage. At any rate, the depending scoop 35, or portion of the unit which is actually positioned within the main line, extends downwardly from the skirt 32. The internal diameter 36 of the skirt portion 30 is continuous, or in smooth alignment at its. back side, with the scoop itself. The unit can be fabricated as an integral one, or the upper portion 30 and scoop made separately and then welded together. Referring, for example, to Figures 2 and 6, it is seen that the skirt 32 is made of such predetermined size as to substantially overlap the size of the required opening or part 38, the latter being cut to approximate size in the main line for insertion of the unit; in other words, the skirt 32 extends, as indicated in this figure, a substantial radial distance outwardly beyond the perimeter of the scoop itself, 35.

In constructing the unit in this manner slight inaccuraciesin cutting the required'opening in the main line can be accounted for, for even if such openingdoes not measure to the precise size of the insert, but is cut somewhat larger than the port, the skirt will adequately cover the same.

Each of these units, as stated, can be made to fita main line pipe of a given size and accordingly, the inner curvain alignment with the longitudinal axis of the unit. However, as here depicted, if such axis is moved either to right or left (viewing this figure) in some variable amount as indicated in an exaggerated manner by the angular line ZZ, the overhanging flange 32 will still effectuate seating of the unit in such manner as to position same medially of the main line and intersecting the center axis of same. Thus, whereas positioning of known units of the prior art often presents a ticklish and exacting task, this function is automatically achieved by the structure of my invention. It should also be here noted that efliciency of performance is primarily dependent upon properpositioning of the unit so that it is seated exactly within the center of the main line, and approrc'mately equal areas (of the cross-section of the pipe) on each side thereof, thus permitting equal flow of fluid along each side of the scoop diversion device.

' The elongated portion 35 of the pick-up and discharge unit has an open mouth 36. Such provides a fluid inlet or outlet depending upon the direction of disposition of the insert. As intimated in the foregoing, the by-pass is adapted to be fitted into an appropriate opening or port 38. Such port is formed in the main line by rapid cutting, as may be accomplished by an oxyacetylene torch. Because of the overhanging flange 32, this port need not be confined to exact limitations and hence can be rapidly cut into the line 5; the cut is made in the shape as shown in Figure 5 or of a configuration to generally match the cross-sectional configuration of the insert, and somewhat larger than the same.

After insertion in the position indicated in Figures 2 and 6, the by-pass unit is sealed to the conduit by suitable welding, as at 40. This weld encircles the outer edges of the flange 32 and of course appropriately secures these edges at the corresponding contacting portions, with the outer surface of the main line. As indicated in the drawings, the opening 38 is preferably so formed as' to provide appreciable clearance 48 in between the main body of the insert and the opening 38. This clearance will permit deviation of the insert to some extent permitting automatic adjustment (due to the curved flange 32) to a position of proper alignment, as indicated in Figure 3. Also, such clearance will permit intended angular tilting of the insert to some extent so that interconnection with a riser or downcomer that is also slightly angularly inclined, will be made possible.

The cross-sectional shape of the scoop 35 is clearly shown in Figure 4. Here it is seen that the two opposed sides 51 and 52 are parallel to each other along a substantial portion of their width. These sides, however, come together to form the closed portion of the scoop. Such closed and curved portion of the scoop 35 is preferably of a tear-drop shape, as generally indicated at 53, the entire cross-sectional area of the unit being as narrow as possible to confine friction loss to a minimum. The purpose of this configuration is to facilitate fluid flow past the forward portion of the insert (or-that side directed against the flow) when it is set into the main line upon a given downcomer. Such flow, and such positioning, is graphically illustrated in Figure 4. Here it is seen that the rounded portion facing the current smoothly wedges itself into the flow with minimum friction, whereas the cross-sectional shape of the unit not only eliminates normally present static pressure around the opening 36, but effectively builds up speedy swirls which obtain the maximum venturi effect.

The two parallel and confronting side walls 51 and 52 whichhave just been referred to are each provided with.

radius of a circle, i.e., each of them are evenly. curved upon each side as they extend from the respective wall 51 or v52. It is here to be observed, again referring to Figure 4, that the flanges 44 and 45 are not disposed exactly perpendicular to the longitudinalline of flow through the conduit but rather are angled at approximately 80 to such longitudinal axis oft-he main line 5. It has been found that this angular inclination of such flanges is an important contributing factor to building up the desired turbulence and speedy swirls in the main line which more efficiently produce the referred to venturi or suctional effect. Reference here is of course made to the position of the unit as shown in Figure 4, or use of the unit as anoutlet efiectuating suctional discharge through the return line from a given radiator to the main heating supply line 5. Furthermore, the even curve of such flanges, as described above, where they join the main body of the insert, achieves a maximum effect when the unit'is used as a supply insert. This latter function is also graphically illustrated in Figure 8 where it is here seen that such curved surfaces smoothly feed the medium into the area between the parallel side walls 51 and 52 for delivery to the respective riser.

The scoop 35 is of a length permitting its seating in the fashion shown, with an appreciable clearance between the bottom thereof and the interior of the main conduit. Thus the length of the scoop itself is obviously dependent upon the internal diameter of the pipe to which it is adapted to be fitted, and is always therefore somewhat less than the internal diameter of the main line 5 by at least one thickness of the given main supply conduit.

Actual and comparative tests of this described structure demonstrate that pressure drop is decreased by at least 10%, i.e., friction losses are substantially reduced over the normal friction losses generally characteristic of,

tion as a venturi. This summation of the theory opera-; tion of the instant invention can'perhaps be better under-.

stood by again referring to Figure 4 where it will be seen that the current is speediest at the extreme'edges of the flanges, i.e., maximumcurrent is present between each. flange and the adjacent wall of the conduit as seen in this' cross-section. Similarly, friction is highest at this same point and the maximum eflect of static pressure in the stream is indicated at stated in the foregoing, bulence in front of the mouth, thereby reducingthe effective .and obtainable suction.

An alternative embodiment of the invention is disclosed in Figures 6 and 7. Here the same fundamental features of the design are still present, but the two flow steering flaps 60 and 61 (comparable to the flanges 44 and 45 of the version described above) are inclined in an opposite direction. As shown in these figures, such flanges 60 and 61 may be formed in the side walls of the scoop 35 merely by a stamping or press procedure which breaks these metal portions outwardly, leaving slots 62 in each side wall through which a portion of the medium is permitted to flow.

When the unit is made in the fashion just' described, I have found that such flanges should also be angularly inclined to a degree to obtain maximum and required performance. Such amounts to an angle of approximately 50 to a plane running right-angularly;-or normal, to-the pointS. Without the flanges as. there is a lack of swirls and turdirection of flow of the longitudinal axis of the main line. Such angular inclination is shown in Figure ".7. These flow steering flaps 60 and 61 have the same effect as the flanges 44 and 45 in the previous embodiment of the invention. Suchsteering flaps also cause substantial turbulence or swirling in-the line of flow as indicated in Figure 7, and thus increase the venturi effect which tends to suck the medium through the downcomer and into the main line.

Certain other characteristics of the invention have been found to be relatively critical as a means of achieving utmost operative efficiencyl Among these, I have found that the relative size of the scoop and flange arrangements as just described are important. For example, and referring to Figure 3, it-has been found that the internal diameter or width of the mouth'36' will approximate onefourth of the internal diameter of the given pipe to which the unit is to be applied. Similarly, superior performance has been achieved by the use of side flanges (reference here being made to the side flanges 44 and 45 of the embodiment of Figure 4), where such side flanges approximate one-sixteenth of the diameter of the given main line for which the particular unit is designed. These relative sizes of such critical features of structure of the invention will be generally applicable irrespective of the diameter of piping involved in the particular heating system under consideration. In each instance, such relative dimension will so proportion the total flow in gallons per minute to the total amount of medium entering into or being discharged from the'insert as to achieve maximum operative efliciency. Relatively severe departure from these ratios will result in increased friction loss, pressure drop increase, reduced venturi effect, and over-all reduced circulation of the heating medium.-

Thus the critical features of this improvement are found, inter alia, in the shaping of the scoop itself, the identified angularity of the respective flanges, the teardrop shape of the closed side of the scoop, the particular configuration of the supporting flange for the unit which enables accurate placement in the main line at the required center of the'latter, and the relative dimension of each feature of the design to the internal diameter of the involved mainline. vli-ach'of these factors materially and substantially" cooperate to the proper functioning of the scoop as'an inlet to the riser. Each variant also significantly contributes to the effectiveness of this structure when used on the return line, for venturi action is created and enhanced by same to a degreetha't there is minimum interference with current flow, yet maximum circulatory effect.

As a practical matter, the essence of simplicity, nevertheless achieves an ease of installation and efiiciency of operation not heretofore obtainable by devices ofthe prior art. Installation of the insert does not call for; any rejdisposition, relocation, or breaking of the main line inasmuch as the individual'diverter is fitted within an opening conveniently and easily burned into the line at a point suitable for interconnection with riser or downcomer. If the latter be offline or angularly inclined, the'angleof the insert can also be inclined to the same degree without interfering with its primary function, for no matter at what angle it is positioned within the main supply line, it is of such construction as to bisect the center line thereof, position itself vertically. to the longitudinal axis of suchjmain line, and in every other way, properly proportion fluid flow to obtain the objectives herein stated.

This application .is a 'continuation-in-part application of my co-pending case, application Serial No. 623,177, filedNovember 19, 1956, thelatter being-in turn-a continuationdn-partapplication of my application Serial No. 592,704, filed-June 4, 1956, and now abandoned.

Other obvious expedients and means may be substituted for those pecifically described herein and yet fall this unit, although representingwithin the scope of this invention the scope of the latter to .be defined and limited only by the limitations of the:

claims appended hereto.

I claim:

'1. Means for connecting a by-pass to a conduit comprising a pipe fitting having a reduced flow capacity relative to the said conduit and being interconnectible by its. ends betweenthe by-pass and the conduit; an elongated communicating terminal at the end of the fitting which is connectible to the conduit; said terminal having a cross sectional area which is smaller than that of the associated fitting end and having one open and three closed sides defining a trough having a flow capacity commensurate with that of the said fitting and being axially shorter than the outer diameter of the conduit by at least the thickness of the conduit wall, and including means adjacent the juncture of the fitting and its terminal for guiding the open side of the latter to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof. 2. Means for connecting a by-pass to a continuous, plain liquid conduit comprising a pipe fitting having a reduced flow capacity relative to the said-conduit and having a flow. capacity commensurate with that of the,

said fitting, said terminal being axially shorter than the outer diameter of the conduit by at least the thickness of the conduit wall, and means adjacent the juncture of the fitting and its said terminal for guiding the open side of the latter to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof.

- 3. In a monoflow by-pass unit for interconnecting both risers and downcomers in a heating system. to a main line conduit, a scoop means, a guide means surmounting said scoop means, said guide means having a contour to fit said conduit, said scoop means comprising three closed sides and an open side defining a trough, two of said closed sides being parallel to each other adjacent saidopen side, the third of said sides being of tear-drop contour, said scoop being axially shorter than the outer diameterof said conduit by at least the thickness of said conduit wall, said guide means guiding the open side of said scoop means to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof.

4. in a heating system monoflow by-pass unit for interconnecting both risers and downcomers to a main line conduit, a scoop means, a guide means surmounting said scoop means, said guide means having a contour to fit said conduit, said scoop means comprising three closed sides and an open side defining a trough, two of said sides being parallel to each other adjacent said open side, the third of said sides being of tear-drop contour, an outwardly extending flange extending substantially the length of each of said two sides, said scoop being axially shorter than the outer diameter of said conduit by at least the thickness of said conduit wall, said guide means guiding the open side of said scoop means to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof.

5. In a fiuid-diverter unit for interconnection to a main line conduit, a scoopmeans, a guide means surmounting said scoop means, said guide means having a-co'ntour to fit said conduit, said scoop means comprising three closed side's and an open side defining a trough, two of saidv sides being parallel to each other adjacent said open side, each of said two sides having a flange :along substantially the entire length'thereof, the third of said sides being of teandrop contour, said scoop being axially shorter than the iouter'dia'rneter of said conduit by at least the thickaeeaaar ness of said conduit wall, said guide means guiding the open side of said scoop means to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said flanges being disposed at an angle of approximately 80 to the longitudinal axis of said conduit when said diverter is positioned therein.

6. In a circulatory, fluid medium heating system, a main line conduit, pick-up and discharge diverter means in said conduit, said means being interconnected to radiator riser and downcomer lines respectively, said means comprising an elongated insert forming an open scoop, a guide means surmounting said scoop, said guide means positioning said scoop to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said scoop having two approximately parallel sides converging into a third side of approximately tear-drop shape, an open side, said parallel sides having angular flanges along the respective lengths thereof adjacent said open side, said flanges being radially curved outwardly whereby the venturi eifect of said scoop is substantially increased when positioned as a discharge diverter, and said curved flanges substantially increase the efliciency of said diverter means when utilized as a pick-up diverter.

7. In a circulatory, fluid medium heating system, a main line conduit, pick-up and discharge diverter means in said conduit, said means being interconnected to radiator riser and downcomer lines respectively, said means comprising an elongated insert forming an open scoop, a guide means surmounting said scoop, said guide means positioning said scoop to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said scoop having two approximately parallel sides converging into a third side of appproximately tear-drop shape, an open side, said parallel sides having angular flanges along the respective lengths thereof adjacent said open side, said flanges being evenly curved outwardly and disposed at an angle of approximately 80 to the center line of said conduit, whereby the venturi eflfect of said scoop is substantially increased when positioned as a discharge diverter.

8. In a circulatory, fluid medium heating system, having a series of radiators, a main line conduit, a riser and a downcomer in interconnection with each of said radiators, a pick-up and discharge diverter means in interconnection with each of said risers and downcomers and positioned in said conduit, said diverter means comprising an elongated insert forming an open scoop, a guide means surmounting said scoop, said guide means positioning said scoop to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said scoop having two approximately parallel sides converging into a third side of approximately tear-drop shape, an open side, said parallel sides having angular flanges formed adjacent open slots along the respective lengths thereof adjacent said open side whereby the venturi effect of said scoop is substantially increased when positioned as a discharge diverter.

9. In a circulatory, fluid medium heating system, a. main line conduit, pick-up and discharge diverter means n said conduit, said means being interconnected to radiator riser and downcomer lines respectively, said means comprising an elongated insert forming an open scoop, a guide means surmounting said scoop, said guide means positioning said scoop to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said scoop having two approximately parallel sides converging into a third side of approximately tear-drop shape, an open side, said parallel sides having angular flanges along the respective lengths thereof adjacent said open side, said flanges being pressed outwardly to form open slots adjacent thereto, said flanges being disposed at an angle of approximately 50 to a plane normal to the center line of said conduit, whereby the venturi effect of said scoop is substantially increased when positioned as a discharge diverter, and the pick-up effect is increased when utilized as a riser diverter.

10. In a circulatory, fluid medium heating system, a main line conduit, pick-up and discharge diverter means in said conduit, said means being interconnected to radiator riser and downcomer lines respectively, said means comprising an elongated insert forming an open scoop, a guide means surmounting said scoop, said guide means positioning said scoop to face longitudinally of the conduit in the interior thereof, said scoop having two approximately parallel sides converging into a third side of approximately tear-drop shape, an open side, said parallel sides having angular flanges along the respective lengths thereof adjacent said open side, said flanges being of a Width approximating one-sixteenth of the internal diameter of said conduit, said scoop having an internal width of approximately one-fourth of the internal diameter of said conduit, whereby the venturi effect of said scoop and the pick-up effect thereof are substantially enhanced when said unit is respectively used in conjunction with said riser and said downcomer.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

